Normalization of Aggression Questionnaire among Student Athletes in Mashhad

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 B.A. in Physical Education, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

2 Ph.D. student in Sports Management, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to normalize the aggression questionnaire among student athletes in Mashhad city. The statistical population of the research was formed by the student athletes of the senior high school level in Mashhad city, out of which 300 people were selected using availability sampling method. The measurement tool used was the 15-question Sports Aggression Questionnaire (Makarowski et al., 2013) which includes 3 components (Go-ahead, foul play, assertiveness). The method of scoring the questions was based on a five-point Likert scale (from completely disagree=1 to completely agree=5). The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors specializing in sports psychology. The statistical tests used included, Cronbach's alpha coefficient as well as confirmatory factor analysis. The research findings showed the internal reliability (α=0.83) for the questionnaire of aggression in sports. Regarding construct validity and based on the amount of relationships and T-value, all the questions had a significant relationship with the components; therefore they could be a good predictor for their components. Also, regarding the relationships between the components and the concept of aggression, the results showed that all the components could be a good predictor for the concept of aggression. As a result, the internal and external validity of the model of "aggression in sports" was confirmed.

Highlights

نبود یک پرسش‌نامة مطلوب جهت بررسی متغیر پرخاشگری دانش‌­آموزان در محیط‌­های ورزشی که قابلیت اطمینان و اعتبار قابل قبولی داشته باشد خصوصاً برای استفاده در محیط­‌های آموزشی و ورزشی کشور ایران، برای کسانی که به این ویژگی­‌ها اهمیت خاصی می­دهند، مهم می­باشد؛ لذا هدف از انجام این پژوهش تعیین هنجاریابی پرسش‌نامة پرخاشگری به طور خاص در حوزة دانش‌­آموزان ورزشکار بود که شاخص‌­ها و مؤلفه‌­هایی قابل اعتماد و معتبر داشته باشد.

نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که بین مؤلفه‌­های متهور، خطا­کردن و ابراز وجود بـا مفهوم پرخاشگری ارتباط معناداری وجود دارد که با نتایج پژوهش ماکاروسکی و همکاران (2013) همخوانی دارد. بنابراین هر سه مؤلفه توانسته‌­اند پیش­گوی خوبی برای مفهوم کلی "پرخاشگری در ورزش" باشند. در نتیجه روایی درونی و روایی بیرونی مدل مفهومی «پرخاشگری در ورزش» تـأیید شد. در نهایت با توجه به یافته‌­های حاصل از این پژوهش، پرسش‌نامه پرخاشگری در ورزش، ابزاری قابل اطمینان و معتبری بوده که می­توان برای ارزیابی پرخاشگری دانشجویان ورزشکار از آن استفاده نمود و نتایج پایا و باثباتی هم به دست آورد. به عبارتی دیگر، داده‌­های جمع‌­آوری‌شده از طریق این پرسش‌نامه، اطلاعات معتبری در خصوص پرخاشگری در بین ورزشکاران فراهم می‌آورد. 

Keywords


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