اثربخشی دوره‌های آموزشی بر مهارت اقدام‌ پژوهی معلمان شهر خرم‌آباد: تحلیل نقش میانجی دانش و نگرش

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت آموزشی، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.

10.22091/jrim.2025.13240.1311

چکیده

در قلب بسیاری از تلاش‌ها برای بهبود کیفیت آموزش، توجه به عاملیت معلم و به‌کارگیری اقدام‌پژوهی جای دارد. نظام‌های آموزشی برای تحقق این هدف، دوره‌های آموزشی برگزار می‌کنند؛ اما توسعه ظرفیت واقعی معلمان در انجام اقدام‌پژوهی، صرفاً از طریق انتقال مهارت‌های فنی محقق نمی‌شود، بلکه نیازمند تأثیرگذاری این دوره‌ها بر دانش، نگرش و مهارت‌های آنان است. بر این اساس، هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر دوره‌های آموزشی بر دانش، مهارت و نگرش معلمان شهر خرم‌آباد در حوزه اقدام‌پژوهی است. روش پژوهش توصیفی - همبستگی و از نوع معادلات ساختاری بود که جامعه‌ آماری پژوهش شامل 310 نفر معلم مجری طرح اقدام‌پژوهی و شرکت‌کننده در دوره‌های اقدام پژوهی در نواحی یک و دو شهر خرم‌آباد بود و 175 نفر به‌صورت تصادفی طبقاتی به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی جمع‌آوری داده‌ها پرسش‌نامه بود. اطلاعات به‌دست‌آمده از پرسش‌نامه‌ها از طریق نرم‌افزارهای آماری SPSS و SmartPLS مورد پردازش قرار گرفتند. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که «آموزش اقدام‌پژوهی» روی دانش و نگرش افراد تأثیر مثبت و قوی دارد، ولی به‌طور مستقیم روی مهارت‌های اقدام‌پژوهی تأثیر معناداری ندارد. بااین‌حال، آموزش از طریق افزایش دانش و نگرش، به‌صورت غیرمستقیم مهارت را هم تقویت می‌کند. چنانکه آموزش از طریق بهبود نگرش، ۱۱٪ مهارت را افزایش می‌دهد و ازطریق افزایش دانش، 49% مهارت را افزایش می‌دهد.

تازه های تحقیق

علیرغم رشد کمی برگزاری دوره‌های آموزشی، شواهد نظام‌مند و مستندی در مورد تأثیر واقعی آن‌ها بر شکل‌دهی به نگرش‌ها، دانش و مهارت‌ها اقدام‌پژوهی معلمان، به‌ویژه در میان معلمان شرکت‌کننده، وجود ندارد. لذا این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر دوره‌های آموزشی بر دانش، مهارت و نگرش اقدام‌پژوهی انجام گرفت. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که «آموزش اقدام‌پژوهی» روی دانش و نگرش افراد تأثیر مثبت و قوی دارد، ولی به‌طور مستقیم روی مهارت‌های اقدام‌پژوهی تأثیر معناداری ندارد. بااین‌حال، آموزش از طریق افزایش دانش و نگرش، به‌صورت غیرمستقیم مهارت را هم تقویت می‌کند. چنانکه آموزش از طریق بهبود نگرش، مهارت را ۱۱٪ افزایش می‌دهد و از طریق افزایش دانش، مهارت را ۴۹٪ افزایش می‌دهد. بر اساس این نتایج، چنین به نظر می‌رسد که دانش و نگرش، پل‌های ارتباطی هستند و آموزش وقتی به مهارت منجر می‌شود که اول دانش یا نگرش افراد را تغییر دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of Training Courses on Teachers' Action Research Skills in Khorramabad City: The Mediating Role of Knowledge and Attitude

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ehsan Geraei 1
  • Afsanah Abdoli 2
  • Rezvan Shiri 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
3 PhD Student in Educational Management, Department of Educational Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

At the heart of many efforts to improve the quality of education lies an emphasis on teacher agency and the implementation of action research. To achieve this goal, educational systems organize training courses; however, the genuine development of teachers’ capacity to conduct action research is not attained merely through the transfer of technical skills. Rather, it requires that these courses positively influence their knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of training courses on the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of teachers in Khorramabad in the field of action research. The research method was descriptive-correlational and based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population included 310 teachers who had implemented action research projects and participated in action research training courses in districts one and two of Khorramabad. A stratified random sample of 175 individuals was selected. The main data collection tool was a questionnaire. Data obtained from the questionnaires were processed using SPSS and SmartPLS software. The results indicated that action research training had a strong positive effect on individuals’ knowledge and attitudes, but did not have a significant direct impact on action research skills. However, training indirectly enhanced skills by improving knowledge and attitudes. Specifically, training increased skills by 11% through improved attitudes and by 49% through enhanced knowledge

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • effectiveness of training courses
  • action research
  • knowledge
  • attitude
  • skills
  • teachers
Alsop, S., Dippo, D., & Zandvliet, D. B. (2007). Teacher education as or for social and ecological transformation: place‐based reflections on local and global participatory methods and collaborative practices. Journal of Education for Teaching33(2), 207-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607470701259499
Altrichter, H. (2020). The concept of quality in action research: Giving practitioners a voice in educational research. In Qualitative voices in educational research (pp. 40-55). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003008064
Cain, T., & Milovic, S. (2010). Action research as a tool of professional development of advisers and teachers in Croatia. European Journal of Teacher Education, 33(1), 19-30.
Carr, W., & Kemmis, S. (1986). Becoming critical: education, knowledge and action research. Falmer Press.
Clark, J. S., Porath, S., Thiele, J., & Jobe, M. (2020). Action research. New Prairie Press.
Corey, S. (1953). Action Research to Improve School Practices. Columbia University, Teachers College Press.
Cortes, S. T., Lorca, A. S., Pineda, H. A., & Lobrigas, M. R. S. (2025). Does training improve the action research skills of STEM teachers? Examining the mediating roles of attitude and knowledge. Social Sciences & Humanities Open11, 101231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101231
Cortes, S., Agero, A., Agravante, E. M., Arado, J., Arbilon, C. A., Lampawog, E., ... & Tubog, R. (2023). Factors influencing students’ intention to enroll in Bachelor of Science in Biology: A structural equation modelling approach. Cogent Education10(2), 2273635. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2273635
Cortes, S., Pineda, H., & Geverola, I. J. (2021). A confirmatory factor analysis of teacher’s competence in action research (TCAR) questionnaire. Advanced Education, 19, 103–113. https://doi.org/10.20535/2410-8286.241148.
Deshler, D., & Ewert, M. (1995). Participatory action research: Traditions and major assumptions. PARnet. Retrieved from http://www.partnet.org/tools/tools.
Edwards-Groves, C., Grootenboer, P., & Ronnerman, K. (2020). Facilitating a culture of relational trust in school-based action research: Recognising the role of middle leaders. In Partnership and Recognition in Action Research (pp. 53-70). Routledge. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09650792.2015.1131175.
Elliott, J. (1991). Action Research for Educational Change. Open University Press.
Elliott, J. (1994). Research on teachers' knowledge and action research. Educational action research2(1), 133-137. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650799400200003
Erro-Garcés, A., & Alfaro-Tanco, J. A. (2020). Action research as a meta-methodology in the management field. International Journal of Qualitative Methods19, 1609406920917489. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406920917489.
Evans, L. (2008). Professionalism, professionality and the development of education professionals. British journal of educational studies56(1), 20-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8527.2007.00392.x
Fidelman, A., & Capobianco, B. (2000). Action research in science education (Report No. EDO-SE-00-05). ERIC Clearinghouse for Science, Mathematics, and Environmental Education. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED463944.pdf
Fulmer, G. W., Chu, H. E., & Martin, S. N. (2018). The potential of teacher-led research: teachers’ action research collaborations in science education in Singapore. Asia-Pacific Science Education, 4(7), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41029-018- 0024-5
Ghosh, P., Satyawadi, R., Joshi, J. P., Ranjan, R., & Singh, P. (2012). Towards more effective training programmes: A study of trainer attributes. Industrial & Commercial Training, 44(4), 194–202. https://doi.org/10.1108/00197851211231469.
Hassan Moradi, N. (2010). The impact of participating in action research training courses on teachers' professional skills. Journal of Management and Planning in Educational Systems, 3(5), 104–125. https://sid.ir/paper/217946/fa (in Persian)
Hensen, K.T. (1996). Teachers as researchers. In J. Sikula (Ed.). Handbook of research on teacher education (2nd ed.). (pp. 53-66). Macmillan
Heron, J., & Reason, P. (1997). A Participatory Inquiry Paradigm. Qualitative Inquiry, 3(3), 274-294.
Hine, G. S. (2013). The importance of action research in teacher education programs. Issues in Educational research23(2), 151-163.
Hong, C. E., & Lawrence, S. A. (2011). Action research in teacher education: Classroom inquiry, reflection, and data-driven decision making. Journal of Inquiry and Action in Education4(2), 1-17. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/jiae/vol4/iss2/1
Jensen, I. B., & Dikilitas, K. (2025). A scoping review of action research in higher education: implications for research-based teaching. Teaching in Higher Education30(1), 84-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2023.2222066.
Kaur, T., McLoughlin, E., & Grimes, P. (2022). Mathematics and science across the transition from primary to secondary school: a systematic literature review. International Journal of STEM Education9(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594- 022-00328-0
Kemmis, S. & McTaggart, R. (1988). The action research planner. Deakin University Press.
Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2013). The action research planner: Doing critical participatory action research. Springer Science & Business Media.
Khatun, R., & Salahuddin, M. (2013). How school teachers can benefit from action research: A case study. Education, Health & Behavior Studies Student Publications, 1, 14–20.
Kitchen, J., & Stevens, D. (2008). Action research in teacher education: Two teacher-educators practice action research as they introduce action research to preservice teachers. Action Research6(1), 7-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476750307083716
Lewin, K. (1948). Resolving social conflicts: selected papers on group dynamics. Harper.
Manfra, M. M. (2019). Action research and systematic, intentional change in teaching practice. Review of research in education43(1), 163-196. https://doi.org/10.3102/ 0091732X18821132
McGinty, M., & Water-Adams, S. (2006). Action Research in Education. http://www.edu.plymouth.ac.uk/resined/actionresearch/arhome.htm.
McNiff, J. (1993). Teaching as Learning: An Action Research Approach. Routledge.
McNiff, J. (1997). Action research for professional development: Concise advice for new action researchers. https://www.jeanmcniff.com/booklet1.html
Meesuk, P., Sramoon, B., & Wongrugsa, A. (2020). Classroom action research-based instruction: The sustainable teacher professional development strategy. Journal of teacher Education for Sustainability22(1), 98-110. DOI: 10.2478/jtes-2020-0008
Mertler, C. A. (2024). Action research: Improving schools and empowering educators. Sage Publications.
Mohsenin, S., & Esfandiani, M. R. (2014). Structural equation modeling based on the partial least squares approach using Smart-PLS software: Educational and practical. Mehrban Ketab Institute. (in Persian)
Mohammadi, A., Parvin, E., & Mohammadi, S. (2013). Multicultural curriculum, a missing necessity in Iran’s centralized education system. In National Conference of the Iranian Curriculum Studies Association: Changes in the Curriculum of Educational Levels. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/851430/fa (In Persian)
Morales, M. P. E. (2016). Participatory action research (PAR) cum action research (AR) in teacher professional development: a literature review. International Journal of Research in Education and Science2(1), 156-165.
Morales, M. P., Abulon, E. L., Soriano, P., David, A., Hermosisima, M. V., & Gerundio, M.(2016). Examining teachers’ conception of and needs on action research. Issues in Educational Research, 26(3), 464–489.
Noffke, S. (1997). Professional, personal, and political dimensions of action research. Review of Research in Education, 22(1), 305–43.
O’Connor, K. A., Greene, H. C., & Anderson, P. J. (2006). Action research: A tool for improving teacher quality and classroom practice [Paper presentation]. American Educational Research Association. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED494955.pdf
Oranga, J., & Gisore, B. (2023). Action research in education. Open Access Library Journal10(7), 1-10. DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1110306
Osmanović Zajić, J.,  Mamutović,, A.  Mamutović, J (2021). The role of action research in techers’ professional development. International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education9(3), 301-317.Doi: 10.23947/2334-8496-2021-9-3-301-317.
Parkhouse, H., Gorlewski, J., Senechal, J., & Lu, C. Y. (2021). Ripple effects: How teacher action research on culturally relevant education can promote systemic change. Action in Teacher Education43(4), 411-429. https://doi.org/10.1080/01626620.2021.1896395
Pine, G. J. (2009). Teacher action research: Collaborative, participatory, and democratic inquiry. In G. J. Pine, Teacher action research: Building knowledge democracies (pp. 29–62). SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452275079
Pineda, H., Lorca, A., Cortes, S., Gador, S., Mangompit, R. M., Pacaldo, F. J., et al. (2022). Development and evaluation of a professional development program on designing participatory action research projects for basic education teachers. Advanced Education, 21, 161–184. https://doi.org/10.20535/2410-8286.266663
Safari Shali, R., & Habib Pour Gtabi, K. (2009). Comprehensive guide to using SPSS in survey research (Quantitative data analysis). Louyeh. (in Persian)
Salo, P., & Rönnerman, K. (2023). Educational action research for being. Nordic studies in education43(1), 78-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23865/nse.v43.3985
Semathong, S. (2023). Participatory Action Research to Develop the Teachers on Classroom Action Research. Shanlax International Journal of Education11(3), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.34293/ education.v11i3.6118
Shani, A. B., & Coghlan, D. (2021). Action research in business and management: A reflective review. Action research19(3), 518-541. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476750319852147
Somekh, B. (2006). Action research: A methodology for change and development. Open University Press.
Stenhouse, L. (1975). An Introduction to Curriculum Research and Development. London, Heinemann
Stringer, E. T. (2008). Action research in education. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Susman, G. I., & Evered, R. D. (2023). An assessment of the scientific merits of action research. Studi organizzativi, (2022/2). DOI 10.3280/SO2022-002006
Tirol, S., Cortes, S. T., Tinapay, A., & Samillano, J. (2022). A teacher training program on designing participatory educational action research proposal. Ho Chi Minh City Open University Journal of Science, 12(1), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.46223/HCMCOUJS. soci.en.12.1.2214.2022
Ulla, M., Barrera, K. I., & Acompanado, M. (2017). Philippine classroom teachers as researchers: Teachers’ perceptions, motivations, and challenges. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 42(11), 52–64. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2017v42n11.4
Villacañas de Castro, L. S., & Banegas, D. L. (2020). Philosophical tenets of action research in education. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.1429
Wetzels, M., Odekerken-Schröder, G. & Van Oppen, C. (2009). Using PLS path modeling for assessing hierarchical construct models: Guidelines and empirical illustration. MIS quarterly,  33(1), 177-195. DOI: DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/20650284