اثربخشی آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی به کودکان بر بهبود رابطه والد-کودک و عزت‌نفس دانش-آموزان دختر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مشاوره خانواده، گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اشکذر، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران.

10.22091/jrim.2025.11994.1189

چکیده

هدف: مهارت‌های زندگی به مجموعه‌ای از توانایی‌ها و ویژگی‌ها اطلاق می‌شود که فرد را قادر می‌سازد تا با چالش‌های روزمره زندگی به‌طور مؤثر و مثبت روبه‌رو شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثربخشی آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی بر رابطه والد-کودک و عزت­نفس دانش-آموزان دختر دوره دوم ابتدایی شهر یزد انجام گرفت. روش: پژوهش به­صورت نیمه‌آزمایشی و در قالب یک طرح پیش‌آزمون – پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل و جامعه آماری شامل دانش‌آموزان دختر دوره دوم ابتدایی شهر یزد انجام پذیرفت. در این پژوهش 30 دانش‌آموز دوره دوم مقطع ابتدایی که در سن 9 تا 11 سال قرار گرفته بودند، به صورت در دسترس انتخاب شده  و به­طور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و گروه کنترل قرار گرفتند و پرسش‌نامه عزت­نفس کوپراسمیت (Coopersmith, 1967) و پرسش‌نامه ارزیابی رابطه والد –‌ فرزند فاین و همکاران (Fine et al., 1983) را تکمیل کردند. گروه آزمایش تحت آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی قرار گرفتند. در پایان پرسش‌نامه عزت نفس و ارزیابی رابطه والد – فرزند توسط هر دو گروه به­عنوان پس‌آزمون تکمیل شد. یافته­ها: داده‌ها پس از بررسی پیش‌فرض‌های آماری، با استفاده از تحلیل کوواریانس چندمتغیره (MANCOVA) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاکی از آن بود که آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی تأثیر معناداری بر افزایش عزت نفس و بهبود رابطه والد–کودک دارد. به‌طور مشخص، بین میانگین نمرات پس‌آزمون در دو گروه تفاوت معناداری مشاهده شد که 47.9 درصد از واریانس این تفاوت‌ها را می‌توان به اثر آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی نسبت داد. یافته‌ها نشان دادند که دانش‌آموزان گروه آزمایش پس از دریافت آموزش‌ها، سطح بالاتری از عزت­نفس را تجربه کردند و این آموزش­ها بر بهبود رابطه والد-فرزند نیز اثربخش بوده است. بحث: این نتایج نشان‌دهنده اثربخشی مداخلات مبتنی بر مهارت‌های زندگی در ارتقای شاخص‌های روان‌شناختی و بین‌فردی کودکان در سنین دبستان است.

تازه های تحقیق

در این بخش به تحلیل نتایج پژوهش و بحث پیرامون آن­ها پرداخته شده است. هدف اصلی مطالعه بررسی تأثیر آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی بر عزت­نفس و رابطه والد-کودک دانش‌آموزان دختر دوره دوم ابتدایی شهر یزد بوده است. یافته‌ها نشان داد که آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی تأثیر معناداری بر افزایش عزت­نفس و بهبود رابطه والد-کودک دارد؛ به‌طوری‌که 47.9 درصد واریانس نمرات پس‌آزمون این متغیرها ناشی از مداخلات آموزشی بوده است.

در تبیین یافته‌ها می‌توان گفت آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی باعث ارتقای بهداشت روانی و آمادگی رفتاری افراد می‌شود و آنان را قادر می‌سازد دانش، ارزش‌ها و نگرش‌های خود را به توانایی‌های بالفعل تبدیل کنند. این مهارت‌ها بر ادراک فرد از کفایت و اعتماد­به‌نفس تأثیرگذار بوده و نقش مهمی در سلامت روان ایفا می‌کنند.

از دیگر یافته‌های پژوهش، اثر مثبت آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی بر بهبود رابطه والد-کودک است. این آموزش‌ها باعث افزایش خودآگاهی دختران و تقویت مهارت‌های مدیریت استرس، حل مسئله، تصمیم‌گیری و ارتباطات مؤثر می‌شود که در نهایت موجب بهبود تعاملات خانوادگی می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of Life Skills Training for Children on Improving the Parent-Child Relationship and the Self-Esteem of Female Students

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samaneh Bemani Hedesh 1
  • Mohsen Azizi Abarghuei 2
1 Department of Psychology, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objective: Life skills refer to a set of abilities and attributes that enable individuals to effectively and positively cope with everyday life challenges. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of life skills training on the parent-child relationship and self-esteem among female students in the upper primary grades in the city of Yazd.
Method: The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest format and a control group. The statistical population consisted of female students in the upper primary grades of Yazd city. A sample of 30 students aged 9 to 11 was selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Participants completed the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (1967) and the Parent-Child Relationship Evaluation Questionnaire by Fine et al. (1983). The experimental group received the life skills training. At the end of the intervention, both groups completed the same questionnaires as posttests.
Results: After verifying the statistical assumptions, the data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA). The results indicated that life skills training had a significant effect on increasing self-esteem and improving the parent-child relationship. Specifically, a significant difference was observed between the posttest mean scores of the two groups, with approximately 47.9% of the variance attributable to the life skills training intervention. Findings showed that students in the experimental group experienced higher levels of self-esteem after the training, and the intervention also effectively enhanced the parent-child relationship.
Discussion: These results demonstrate the effectiveness of life skills-based interventions in improving psychological and interpersonal indicators among children in primary school.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • life skills training
  • self-esteem
  • parent-child relationship
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