رابطه کمالگرایی و فرسودگی تحصیلی: فراتحلیل مطالعات ایران به همراه متارگرسیون سال انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری تخصصی روان‌شناسی تربیتی، گروه روان‌شناسی تربیتی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش شناسی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایران

10.22091/jrim.2025.12582.1240

چکیده

این پژوهش با استفاده از روش فراتحلیل به ترکیب و تحلیل شواهد موجود درباره‌ رابطه کمال‌گرایی و فرسودگی تحصیلی در ایران پرداخته است. این مطالعه شامل 17 پژوهش همبستگی است که بین سال‌های ۱۳۹۰ تا ۱۴۰۳ در ایران انجام شده و به زبان فارسی منتشر شده‌اند. برای انتخاب مطالعات، معیارهایی مانند استفاده از ابزارهای معتبر، ارائه داده‌های کافی برای محاسبه‌ اندازه‌اثر و انجام پژوهش به‌صورت همبستگی در نظر گرفته شد. منابع مورد بررسی شامل مقالات منتشرشده در مجلات علمی داخلی و پایان‌نامه‌های موجود در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی نورمگز، مگ‌ایران، پرتال جامع علوم انسانی، علم‌نت، سیویلیکا، جهاد دانشگاهی و ایران‌داک بودند. پس از جستجو بر اساس کلیدواژه‌های مرتبط و اعمال معیارهای ورود و خروج، پژوهش‌های نهایی انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها پس از غربالگری با استفاده از نرم‌افزار CMA2 تحلیل شدند. اندازه‌اثر ترکیبی برابر با 0.303 به دست آمد و اندازه اثرهای مشاهده‌شده در دامنه‌ای از 193/0 تا 698/0 قرار داشتند. مقدار شاخص Q برای 17 اندازه‌اثر و با درجه آزادی 16 برابر با 410٫486 به دست آمده است که از لحاظ آماری معنادار می‌باشد. که نشان‌دهنده‌ ناهمگنی قابل توجه در اندازه اثرهای پژوهش‌های اولیه است. بررسی بیشتر با شاخص (I²) 96٫102  نیز این ناهمگنی بالا را تأیید کرد. بنابراین، مدل تصادفی به‌عنوان مدل مناسب برای فراتحلیل انتخاب شد و اندازه‌اثر ترکیبی بر این اساس محاسبه گردید. همچنین، اندازه‌اثر متغیر (جنسیت) برای مردان 345/0 و برای زنان 354/0 به دست آمد که نشان می‌دهد که تفاوت بزرگ و معنی داری در اندازه‌اثر ها وجود ندارد. نتایج متارگرسیون سال انتشار نشان می‌دهد که بین سال انتشار مطالعات و اندازه‌اثر رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد، به‌گونه‌ای که شیب خط رگرسیون تقریباً صفر و فاقد جهت مشخص است. این الگو بیانگر آن است که در طول زمان، رابطه مورد بررسی از ثبات برخوردار بوده است. یافته‌های این فراتحلیل با مبانی نظری و پژوهش‌های پیشین هم‌راستا بوده و تأیید می‌کند که کمال‌گرایی با فرسودگی تحصیلی ارتباط دارد.

تازه های تحقیق

فراتحلیل حاضر برای اولین‌بار در ایران اندازه اثر رابطه کمال‌گرایی و فرسودگی تحصیلی را محاسبه کرد تا ترکیب کمی جامعی از پیشینه پژوهش‌های صورت‌گرفته در سال‌های اخیر ارائه دهد. برای این منظور اطلاعات موردنیاز ۱۷ مطالعه در کاربرگ فراتحلیل ثبت شد. میانگین این اندازه اثرها ۳۰۳/۰ به دست آمد. این مقدار اندازه اثر طبق تفسیر ملاک کوهن مقدار متوسط است. این یافته ممکن است تحت‌تأثیر عوامل متعددی قرار گرفته باشد. نخست، بررسی مطالعات وارد شده به فراتحلیل نشان می‌دهد که در برخی از آن‌ها توزیع جنسیتی نمونه‌ها نامتوازن بوده است، به‌گونه‌ای که تعداد شرکت‌کنندگان مختلط زن و مرد در مطالعات به‌مراتب بیشتر از مطالعات به تفکیک جنسیت بوده است. دوم، ابزارهای اندازه‌گیری مورداستفاده در مطالعات است. کمتر مطالعه‌ای به بررسی روایی تفکیک‌شده ابزارها برای زنان و مردان پرداخته است. سوم، احتمال وجود متغیرهای مخدوش‌کننده همچون تفاوت در راهبردهای یادگیری، انگیزه‌های تحصیلی و فشارهای فرهنگی و اجتماعی و یا تربیتی، همچنین عواملی همچون تفاوت در مقطع تحصیلی دانش‌آموزی و دانشجویی نیز می‌تواند موجب کاهش اثر مستقیم جنسیت شود.

همچنین ناهمگنی بالا ممکن است نشان‌دهنده تنوع در ابزارهای سنجش یا تفاوت در ویژگی‌های جمعیت‌شناسی نمونه‌ها باشد. علاوه بر این، پژوهش‌های مورد بررسی در این فراتحلیل اغلب مقطعی بوده‌اند که این نوع طراحی نمی‌تواند روابط علی میان متغیرها را شفاف‌سازی کرده و تأثیرات بلندمدت آن‌ها را مورد ارزیابی قرار دهد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Relationship Between Perfectionism and Academic Burnout: A Meta-analysis of Iranian Studies with Meta-Regression of Publication Year

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyyed Mehdi Sarkeshikiyan 1
  • Marzieh Yari Zanganeh 2
1 Department of Educational Psychology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudhen, Iran
2 Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study used a meta-analysis method to synthesize and analyze the existing evidence on the relationship between perfectionism and academic burnout in Iran. The study included 17 correlational studies conducted in Iran between 2011 and 2024 and published in Persian. To select studies, criteria such as using valid instruments, providing sufficient data to calculate the effect size, and conducting the study in a correlational manner were considered. The sources examined included articles published in domestic scientific journals available in the databases including Normags, MagIran, Comprehensive Portal of Humanities, Elmnet, Civica, Jihad Daneshgahi, and Irandoc. After searching based on relevant keywords and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final studies were selected. After screening, the data were analyzed using CMA2 software. The combined effect size was 0.303, and the observed effect sizes ranged from 0.193 to 0.698. The Q index value for 17 effect sizes and 16 degrees of freedom was 410.486, which is statistically significant. This indicates a significant heterogeneity in the effect sizes of the primary studies. Further investigation with the index I² )96.102( also confirmed this high heterogeneity. Therefore, the random model was selected as the appropriate model for meta-analysis and the combined effect size was calculated accordingly. Also, the effect size of the variable (gender) was 0.345 for men and 0.354 for women, indicating that there is no large and significant difference in the effect sizes. The results of the meta-regression of the year of publication show that there is no significant relationship between the year of publication of the studies and the effect size, such that the slope of the regression line is almost zero and has no clear direction. This pattern indicates that the relationship under study has been stable over time. The findings of this meta-analysis are consistent with theoretical foundations and previous research and confirm that perfectionism is related to academic burnout.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • meta-analysis
  • perfectionism
  • academic burnout
  • educational metaanalysis
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